27 May-2 Jun

Q: The relationship between a clone and his/her donor is:

(a) parent and child
(b) early-born monozygotic twin and later-born monozygotic twin
(c) undefinable

ABSTRACT

The relationship between the soul and the body is one of the most fundamental philosophical problems in medicine. It is widely accepted in Judaism that a human being has two souls-'divine' and 'animal'-closely related and interacting. Genesis 9:4 relates the animal soul with the blood; the Tanya relates the divine soul with the brain. A model schematically describing the relationships between the divine and animal souls and between soul and body is proposed in this study. The model is based on one hand on concepts propounded in the Zohar and on the other hand on conclusions reached by the great neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield. Penfield saw the "brain as computer, mind as programmer." According to our model, if the brain is a computer, then both souls are programmers, and their permanent struggle for the dominant role in determining a person's behavior is the manifestation of free will.

This model may be proved by studying examples of monozygote twins, especially, conjoined twins. Monozygote twins share an identical physical and genetic constitution, but have different personalities and moral qualities. If human cloning could be accomplished, genetically the clone would have the status of a monozygote twin in respect to the person who provided the cell nucleus for the cloning. But what would his or her spiritual identity be?

: A baby born (or developed) in such a way will be genetically identical to the human whose cell nucleus has served as his or her basis. Undoubtedly, their relation is not parental, since a baby gets two shares of genetic material from his parents-conditionally male and female. The relation of a person with his clone, however, corresponds to the relations between identical (monozygotic) twins. They have common parents, since their genetic information is completely identical, the latter being transferred from the father and mother of the cell donor.

Practically all researchers analyzing the ethical aspects of cloning humans conclude that the "original" and the "clone" are monozygotic twins. Here, however, terminological problems arise. The term "nuclear parent" has been suggested, but we do not think it is appropriate. The terms "early-born twin" and "later-born twin" seem much more precise and ethically suitable.

BIO
Tobiy R. Gurvich was born in Riga, Latvia, and graduated from the Riga Medical Institute and became a clinical researcher in 1977. Since 1980 he has been assistant professor of the Chair of Internal Diseases of the Riga Medical Institute (renamed the Medical Academy of Latvia in 1990). He specializes in internal medicine and cardiology.

Dr. Gurvich has published more than ninety scientific papers, mainly in cardiology, clinical diagnostics, adolescent medicine, medical ethics, medicine in Torah, and medicine in fiction. In 1976 he won the gold medal for the best student research paper in the USSR. In 1978, 1980 & 1985 he received awards from the Riga Medical Institute for scientific achievements. In 1992 he graduated from the Free Jewish University in Riga. He is a member of the editorial board of Gesharim, the monthly newspaper of the Riga Jewish religious community. He is also a member of the Latvian Medical Society Bikur Holim and its auditing commission. Dr. Gurvich holds free reception hours as an internist and cardiologist at the Asvata Medical Center of the SHAMIR Foundation of the Riga Synagogue.

Herman Branover was born in Riga, Latvia, earned his PhD from the Moscow Institute of Aviation in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), and completed a DSc degree in physics and mathematics at the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute. While a leading scientist at the Latvian Academy of Science, Professor Branover discovered G-d and the Torah, became a Lubavitcher Hasid, and then struggled for the right for Jews to immigrate to Israel.

After settling in Beersheba with his wife and son, in 1977 Professor Branover created the Center for Magnetohydrodynamics Studies at Ben-Gurion University. The Center engages in teaching, research, and the development of a novel MHD electricity generator. He has authored over twenty scientific books and textbooks, thirty technological patents, hundreds of professional articles, and an autobiography, Return (published by Jason Aronson).

As honorary president of SHAMIR, the Israel Association of Religious Professionals from the Former USSR, Professor Branover continues encouraging Russian Jews to observe the Torah and live in Israel. He is the initiator and editor-in-chief of B'Or Ha'Torah, published by SHAMIR. A recipient of the S.D. Bergman Prize for the development of new technology in Israel, he also received the Knesset Speaker's Award in 1991 for his work with Russian immigrant absorption. He chairs the prime minister's committee for solving immigrants' professional employment problems. He is a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences in Moscow and the Latvian Academy of Sciences, a member of the Moscow International Energy Club, and has received honorary doctorates from the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Technical University of St. Petersburg, and Yeshiva University.

branover@solmecs.co.il

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Professor Herman Branover, Editor-in-Chief